Development of Children’s Language Awareness in English...

Development of children’s language awareness in English teaching materials Abstract The paper will focus on the concept of language awareness in the context of young learners. The whole language approach, inductive approach and implicit grammar teaching are advocated in early language education as children by the age of 10 are not able to understand abstract rules and principles. However, for languages to develop naturally grammatical categories have to be present in the instructions. Namely, YL encounter chunks, phrases and sentences, which are learnt in chants, rhymes, songs and stories, to express functions. Then, early foreign language education, including grammar teaching, can be viewed as consciousness raising process or†¦show more content†¦Namely, it is suggested to introduce discovery grammar activities (problem solving activities), for example YL listen to a story and sequence pictures in the correct order. It is both the process of solving tasks and teaching grammar as the consciousness-raising process (cf. Ellis, 2002, 167-174 in Richards and R enandya). The idea is to provide opportunities for meaning-focused language use – communication. Development of language awareness in primary schools can occur in three following stages: 1) Noticing new language structures: teachers focus children’s attention to the forms of the target language so they perceive the structure and meaning. 2) Structuring knowledge of the target language system: YL manipulate forms and meanings of the structures in controlled practice (for example drills). 3) Proceduralizing: YL use the target language fluently and communicate in the controlled context (cf. Batstone, 1994:51-54). 2. Research aims The idea is to analyse a selected number of syllabuses and course books to identify the latest approaches to teaching grammatical categories in primary schools. There is one major aim: 1. To analyse English instructional materials (syllabuses and course books) for YL in terms of raising their language awareness and teaching grammatical categories. The analysis of syllabuses involves three detailed aims: a) to analyse principlesShow MoreRelatedLanguage Is Used For Social And Cultural Communication837 Words   |  4 PagesOral Language: Language is used for social and cultural communication. Students enter school with a language base (standard or non-standard English) that teachers must build on. Oral language communication is deeply rooted in learning to read and write. Oral language development lays the foundation for students’ development of phonological awareness skills. Teachers can build literacy experiences around students’ language skills. 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Discussing languageRead Morecompetency statement 3780 Words   |  4 PagesPennsylvania Department of Education Bureau of Career Technical Education CDA-Ready Certificate Documentation Infant/Toddler (Developed from The Child Development Associate: Assessment System and Competency Standards Infant/Toddler Caregivers in Center-based Programs, Second Edition,  ©2006, www.cdacouncil.org ). Student Name: _______________________________________________________________ School: Instructor: ___________________________________________________________ Instructor ContactRead MoreCharacteristics Of The English Language Learners1026 Words   |  5 PagesLinguistic diversity is when a student’s first language is not the language of instruction at school. According to Garcia, American Standard English is seen as a vital tool for success in the United States which affects reading abilities of English language learners. 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The children’s vocabularyRead MorePROBLEM What is the one subject area that suffers the most during testing? Writing is our country’s1300 Words   |  6 PagesPROBLEM What is the one subject area that suffers the most during testing? Writing is our country’s greatest failure. We need to teach better writing and that happens through better instruction in language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies. Writing can be explained through reading, note taking, and journaling. Students do not write enough and their writing is not from a varied amount of genres, such as expository, narrative, descriptive, persuasive, and journaling and note taking. MyRead MorePrimary School Teachers’ Awareness and the Use of Information and Communication Technology (Ict) in Teaching.4519 Words   |  19 PagesPRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ AWARENESS AND THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN TEACHING. Abstract This paper investigated primary school teachers’ awareness and the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching. Three research questions were formulated to guide the study. The study was a survey design. The population of the study consisted of 889 primary school teachers’. 200 primary school teachers’ were the sample. Data were gatheredRead MoreDeveloping Appropriate Teaching Strategies Essay1859 Words   |  8 PagesDeveloping Appropriate Teaching Strategies Rebekah Dandeneau SOC12: Child Family Society (BMF1511A) Instructor: Jeanette Maxey March 30, 2015 Developing Appropriate Teaching Strategies Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) is a tool that teachers use to create active learning experiences in culturally diverse classrooms. Some issues that teachers may encounter are communication problems where some children in the classroom use English as their second language, keep some children

Basic Requirements Enter Organized Crime - 813 Words

VIEWERS READERS: I compose professional writings, such as Privacy Acts Research Papers. They are 100% plagiarism FREE. Throughout College In Criminal Justice, I have written over 50 papers. The average grade combined of ALL 50+ papers equates to 98%, seriously, even surprises me. Contact 646-625-8345-ASK FOR PAT Most customers use my writing abilities for composing an about me page on their website, or contract services to compose terms/conditions and private policies for web sites. Others contract me to learn and model my composition, not to†¦show more content†¦My blood was for an everlasting love and not an initiation. The blood of the finger is spilled onto an element bearing the symbolization of sainthood. The card is then set ablaze and the card is passed from hand to hand to avoid burn and pain. {https://sites.google.com/site/mafiafall08per5/initiation} Retrieved on 08-23-09 via net. The advantages of being in organized crime is the belief that one belongs to a group and feels they are confident in being. They know that if in need of help, they will have someone to stand-up for them. They are a very close knit family and feel alliance and affinity towards one another. A disadvantage in today’s culture is the transference of the aids virus. Seriously speaking, I wonder if Cosa Nostra takes precautions towards blood transference. Another disadvantage of being in organized crime is the wellbeing of mind. It is unethical and downright outlawed in the first place. They may targeted and blamed for crimes that may occur and can be victims of false accusations. I also believe it is a disadvantage because of the mere fact of the name that was derived, Our Thing†. Our Thing, Being of a Italian decent, I find the Italians lacked imagination, creativity, and down right ignorance. Cosa Nostra, our thing, should be renamed into something that TRADITIONALLY and expeditiously shows the intelligence of the Italians and not simplicity in thinking. DAAAA? ReferencesShow MoreRelated Purpose And History Of SWAT Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesT. SWAT. The acronym invokes so many thoughts - danger, fighting crime, shootings, heavily artillery, TV, movies and more. The reality of SWAT is that it is all of that and more. When the acronym is fully expanded it translates to special weapons and tactics or as it was originally developed, special weapons assault team. SWAT is a specialized, elite police unit trained to execute dangerous and specific operations that basic and even intermediate police training is not intended to handle. CommonlyRead MoreA Short Note On Visa Program Vs. Visa Programs1746 Words   |  7 PagesH-2 visa program? How do the employer sponsorship requirements, work protections, problems, and litigation trends, and other components of the programs compare? Short Answer The J-1 visa program is very unlike the H-2 visa program in design, oversight, and regulation. The J-1 visa program contains 15 different categories of participants, where some, such as secondary students, are generally not allowed to work. Furthermore, sponsor requirements for the J-1 visa program are not at the employer levelRead MoreCriminal Justice System : Crime, Policing, Courts, And Corrections3651 Words   |  15 Pagesshould take place in four sections: crime, policing, courts, and corrections. Crime occurs ubiquitously in the world; crime is so common that there is an entire profession made to study why crime occurs, there is also another profession meant to enforce the laws that define what is criminal. South Korea, like most other countries, has a common requirement to enter their criminal justice system: committing a crime is the first step in the process. The most common crime that occurs in South Korea is someRead MoreEssay on The Russian Mob4523 Words   |  19 Pa gesThe Russian Mob: Organized Crime in a Fledgling Democracy Since the late 1980’s the Russian people have experienced one of the most drastic transitions seen in the world to date, a transition from an attempt at communism to a workable capitalist system. As one would expect, this transition has not been painless and has been the impetus of many distressing problems for the Russian people. One such problem is organized crime. This paper will explore how organized crime during Soviet rule andRead MoreObtaining Physical And Other Evidence Essay1967 Words   |  8 Pagesthere is a crime. This is called a â€Å"Terry Stop†. This is because in the case Terry v. 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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose 2.0 PLANNINGRead MoreThe Career Of A Police Officer1919 Words   |  8 PagesBig Stick†. The Watch system was composed of community volunteers Whose primary duty was to warn of impending danger. Boston created a night watch in 1636, New York in 1658 and Philadelphia in 1700. The night watch was not a particularly effective crime control device. Watch men often slept or drank on duty. While the Watch was theoretically voluntary, many â€Å"volunteers† were simply attempting to evade military service. They were conscript forced into service by their town, or were performing watchRead MoreMaslow S Theory Of Motivation And Hierarchy Of Needs2239 Words   |  9 Pagesunderstanding the needs of a person. The Hierarchy of Needs sorts the needs of the lowest and most basic levels to the higher levels. 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These foundational academic and social skills are needed for students toRead MoreThe Career Of A Police Officer1938 Words   |  8 PagesBig Stick. The Watch system was composed of community volunteers Whose primary duty was to warn of impending danger. Boston created a night watch in 1636, New York in 1658 and Philadelphia in 1700. The night watch was not a particularly effective crime control device. Watchmen often slept or drank on duty. While the Watch was theoretically voluntary, many volunteers were simply attempting to evade military service. They were conscript forced into service by their town or were performing watch

Teen Obesity Free Essays

When I was a teenager I faced obesity myself. Going through high school was the hardest thing ever. I weighed over two hundred pounds and I was constantly getting bullied and made fun of. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Obesity or any similar topic only for you Order Now When I was at home all I did sit around watch TV, play video games, and eat constantly. I never thought of going outside and doing physical fitness. Well one day I was lying in my bed and I was thinking about what I was doing to myself and how one day I could possibly not be here anymore if I keep doing what I am doing. My senior year of high school was a big change in my life. I lost over seventy pounds and I felt great about myself. Teenage obesity is getting worse over the years in America. The growth rates of teen obesity increasing are stunning. The reasons why teens are becoming obese are because of less activity or inactivity, excess TV watching, and fast food restaurants. First cause of teen obesity is less activity or inactivity of teenagers. Teenagers are more likely to become obese if they do not perform any activity at all or they are not doing enough activity to burn off calories and carbohydrates that cause fat build up in the body. Many television studies show that teenagers who have television sets in their bedrooms tend to watch TV more which can lead to inactivity†. (Teenage Obesity pg. 1) In order to prevent teens from becoming obese they must stay involved in some type of activity like sports, running, walking, bike riding, swimming, and etc†¦ these activities must be done every day or at least five times a week. Also parents can be a big cause of teen obesity. The reason why is because lots of parents don’t care about their children doing activities. If parents were raised doing whatever they wanted to do then more than likely their children are going to be raised the same way. Some parents are suffering from obesity themselves so this shows that their children are looking at their parents as being lazy and the children think they can do the same thing which leads the children to inactivity. Second cause of teen obesity is excess TV watching. TV watching is the main cause of teen obesity. The reason being is because teens tend to get addicted to TV shows and video games which leads them to become couch potato’s. Couch potato’s are caused by teens who sit, immobile, watching a screen instead of playing sports. A second view ties TV watching to eating, either through a barrage of ads or because teens snack while watching†. (ScienceDaily Pg. 1) â€Å"25% shows that television watching causes teens to snack largely on junk food because of food commercials that intimidate teens†. (ScienceDaily Pg. 1) Teen agers that sit on the couch and watch TV for excess amounts of hours causes the body to build up excess fat because there is nothing being burned off. Not only is TV causing teens to be overweight but video games are another big factor in teen obesity. â€Å"Children with higher weight status spent moderate amounts of time playing electronic video games†. (ScienceDaily Pg. 1) Video games become so addicting to teens that right when they get home from school they head straight to the couch to play. This causes teens to become lazy and obese. Final cause of teen obesity is Fast food restaurants. Fast food restaurants are a leading cause to teenage obesity. The reason why is because teens have no clue what they are ordering or if what they are eating is healthy for you or not. Also lots of teens are lazy to eat something from home, so they head out to a fast food restaurant where they can eat a lot of food for cheap money. Parents are a big reason for this because when parents have to work during the day they get tired and when they get home there too lazy to cook anything for their children so they take them out to dinner for fast food because again it’s cheap. Fast food contains high saturated fats and calories. Fast foods are packed with high amounts of sugar, carbohydrates, oil etc. Even small amount of fast food can increase your calorie intake considerably. †(YgoY Pg. 1) All of these lead to obesity. Another reason that fast food causes teens to be obese is because it is very addicting. It’s addicting because of the taste, advertisements, and it’s cheap to buy. â€Å"According to research, teenagers who eat fast food two times a week their obesity risk increases by 50%†. YgoY Pg. 1) Fast food eating leads teens from eating fruits and vegetables because of the addiction to the taste of fast food which cause obesity to rise in teens. In conclusion teen obesity is rising every year in America. The only way to stop this from rising is on the parents and on how they should raise their kids and to show them the right way not the wrong. I main causes of teen obesity are inactivity or less activity, excess TV watching, and fast food restaurants. How to cite Teen Obesity, Essay examples

Zara analysis free essay sample

Introduction ZARA is one of the trendy garment retailers as an important brand in portfolio of Inditex. With development of technology and extension of market, ZARA has expanded to over 1,500 stores in 44 countries, since founded at a Spanish town called La Coruna in 1975. In internationalization process, Zara employed various retailer formats, especially online shops, to complement weakness in traditional in-store purchase. Moreover, current development status of e-tailling is attractive for Zara to entry when facing increasingly fierce competition. Apparently, this â€Å"clicks-and-bricks† approach makes sense to some degree. This article demonstrates rationale why ZARA launched online store by combining academic theories with situational audits. Furthermore, it proposes several recommendations to optimize current online retailing. Obviously, it is meaningful to research Zara which is a leader in textile retailer. As one of biggest garment retailer, its behaviour sets an example for other rivals, even brings a new model for this industry in further development. Owing to stimulus from success of Zara, resource allocation or even industrial structure might be recombined. On the other hand, it proposes a new purchase belief or lifestyle, which should be suitable to several time-pressured consumers. Therefore, rationale why wither choose this articles is apparent based on contextual statements. 2. Zara has been landing in online retailing After success of online retailing store in Spain, trendy fashion retailer Zara planed to install web store in France, Italy, Portugal and the UK, in 2010 September. Until to 2011, Zara boasted it had extended its online presence to customers in more than sixteen European countries, Japan and US. Rationale for e-tailing uses in European countries Zara has expanded European market via building online channel. In following essay, it would analyse what and how variables entice Zara’s practice by integrating academic knowledge and situational analysis.   Superiority of internet retailing With popularization of computer science in society, net accessed by personal computer has being accepted as a professional and interactive mainstream intermediary. For several social departments, searching information through internet has been regarded as a habit in daily life. Virtual shop owes its inherent advantages compared to other retailing classes in following aspects (Rosemary Mohammed, 2004): The most prominent characteristic of e-tailing retailer is selling via network instead of entity store, which is beneficial to decrease dependence on specific location. As a manner to approach sophisticated retailer that may be geographically distant to customer, net helps virtual retailers to communicate with consumers and cover wider target market by providing home shopping service. Unlike store-based retailers, it is unnecessary for sellers to possess physical space for inventory or exhibition. Internet is adopted as a display platform and transaction mechanism, namely delivery commodity directly after completed transaction. It reduces operating costs to a great extent if deducting rental fees, operational expenditure and relatively higher labour salaries. As previous empirical research showed, average transaction cost is around $15 per transaction in traditional retailing compared to approximately $0. 3 in virtual resale (Philipps et al., 1997). This huge difference between costs induces retailer join in virtual retailing markets extremely. In comparison to catalogue retailer, internet dealer also holds own advantages. On the one hand, expense in producing and distributing catalogue is much higher and information cannot be updated promptly on catalogue. On the other hand, online shop display merchandise without upper restriction on size of catalogue or quantity of product represented. .Considering its social influence, e-tailing impels a new home-shopping device, capacitating time-pressured and less flexible consumers to purchase regardless of limitation on shop business hours. Moreover, it also implies that clients can eliminate time spending in visiting shops or waiting in  queue, which is the most boring part in shopping. Besides enlarging target market, it also proposes a fashionable shopping belief which is popular among young people.   Situational audits Zara undertake online retailing in European countries according to comparative environment and own marketing strategy except for advantages of e-tailing. The following part reveals how Inditex draft development device according to specific situation. Firstly, recent years witnessed a rapid rise in online retailing sales; namely, the significance of web store use is displayed among retail sector gradually. As facts demonstrated by U. S. Census Bureau, online quarterly sales increased stably at 28% from 2000 to 2007. In the duration, the average growth rate of total retail sales only made up 4. 5% (U. S. Census Bureau, 2007). With popularization of internet use, a growing number of net users create niche market in retailing industry, who becomes potential consumer. Concededly, it holds enormous growth potential although online transactions only generate a small portion of total retail sales. Therefore, Zara intend to seize the opportunity to reach expanded target market. Secondly, biggest rivals have launched and succeeded in virtual store in succession. On the one hands, as Jeremy demonstrates, brand that has not referred to online presence suffers a huge threat from competitors’ dramatic increase in online turnover. Obviously, rivals’ aggressive expansion in online market creates a threat to Zara’s sales. In order to maintain even enlarge market share, Zara participates in online retailing competition under compulsion. On the other hand, competitor’s success strengthens Zara’s confidence in web retailing. Meanwhile, it also offers a model used on guide strategy implement on internet. Facing increasingly fierce competition, hence Zara plan to occupy virtual market via installing online shops as soon as possible. Thirdly, online retailing complements in-store selling profitably. Online stores will comfortably supplement its extensive store estate by means of providing extra service to consumer, especially dispelling restriction on time and space. Moreover, Zara’s entry to the online retail has opened access to an enormous source of data that can be collected and analyzed to improve corporate business strategy and marketing device in further development. The gathered massages can be used for designing and executing Zara’s own marketing initiatives, such as direct mailing (n. a. , 2012). Finally, characteristics of e-tailing correspond with its marketing strategy. Zara  has adopted pattern  that manufacture and replenish constant new products in invasive price to develop curiosity and make it indispensable for a regular visit simultaneously. E-tailing can lessen expenditure on store operation efficiently and thereby decrease costs which is closely linked with price. Meanwhile, virtual shops renew catalogue in time that satisfy needs of fast fashion industry. Furthermore, most internet shoppers are in 20 to 30 years old, which is coincidence with target market of Zara. Considering realistic significance of virtual retailing, it is reasonable for Zara’s entry. 2. 2 Recommendation for virtual retailing in further development Until now, Zara’s website has been built, which installed online interactions between seller and buyer ranging from the point customers visit in retailer’s web to the point retailers fulfill consumer order (Field et al. , 2004 and Smith et al, 2007). During whole process, Zara has formulated a series of management measures to control performance in e-tailing. In the first place, it matches online price to those in physical store across each country. In term of payment approach, this transactional website accepts lump-sum payment by credit cards or debit card. Secondly, there is no charge for shoppers to delivery merchandise when they purchase at Zara online store. Furthermore, consumer also can require delivery channel by express courier or regular post according to their situation. Thirdly, e-store is constantly renewed by updated items when entity shops exhibit new arrivals. Finally, this web offers same exchanges and returns policy as in physical store. That superior after-sales service lifts customers’ worries to some degree (Susan, 2011). However, besides previous efforts, Zara is required to make a progress in following areas for the sake of perfecting online retailing (Alba et al. , 1997). Recommending related merchandise Unlike traditional in-store retailing, electronic sellers facilitate one-stop shopping and enhance service quality via offering various complementary products. Relying on personalization technologies, retailers provide customized features online, namely complex catalog navigation and tailoring of the purchase process For example, customer is provided with recommendations of products that the customer might be interested in, based on the product searched for or those previously bought by the customer. Given this popular marketing approach, Zara web can suggest best-seller in season or complementary product accord with items based on current or previous buying. Moreover, it also should advise several garments in similar style in accordance with purchase history. It allows Zara to deliver trust built from one merchandise area to another consequently maximizing possibility of cross-buying and rising sales. Improving distribution system As one of main variables to restrain internet retailing development, order fulfillment is considered as an obstacle to expand electronic market. Additionally, distribution expenses and efficiency are regarded as factors which influence shopping decision. Actually, Zara indeed has set few policies in this area before. Besides those previous measures, Zara can recruit specialist and build logistics system to supervise online order, inventory management, and goods distribution. During the process, staff should check every order and deliver merchandise as soon as possible. This efficient distribution system not only helps Zara to satisfy current consumer, but also strengthen own competitiveness compared to other online rivals. Offering good consumer service The quality of online buying process affects consumer purchase decision, satisfaction and loyalty (Zeitham et. al. , 2002 and Wolfinbarger Gilly, 2003). Like other retailing approaches, transaction disputes happen inevitably across online shopping process, which mainly contains unpunctual order arrival, unqualified products and payment problem. To be competitive, sellers are not only required to supply high-class merchandise, but also offer a pleasant shopping experience via superior service to ensure whole process is responsive and convenient for consumers (Lqbal, et. al. , 2003). Therefore, it is necessary to improve relationship between buyers and sellers by improving consumer service. For this purpose, Zara should arrange personnel to answer questions before purchase, help consumer to complete complex transaction during purchase, and optimize after-sales service, especially respond or deal with consumer complains. For example, the website retailer can retrieve personal account information which is then automatically store in personal account of consumer for the sake of facilitating consumer to review past searching or purchase and track order in shipment. Favorable shopping experience should increase repeat purchase behaviour to some degree. Managing customer relationship In the highly competitive virtual marketplace where cost of retaining a customer is lower than recruiting a new one, relationship marketing take on an added importance. Zara can communicate with existing customers to advertise online, show updated products, and inform new promotions. For example, the website supplies the alternative of receiving reminder of special events or message about new arrivals. If complete payments, consumer will receive homologues voucher which can be used in next transaction automatically. Apparently, this act is available to increase repeat purchase, build customer loyalty and at least retain current market share. 3. Conclusion This article mainly discusses retailing marketing concepts which is contained in news as appendix. On the on hand, the essay explains the rationale why Zara launched online retailing store, which contains inherent superiority of online store and appropriate environment. On the other hand, writer proposes several recommendations, including merchandise assortment supply, distribution efficiency rise, consumer service improvement and customer relationship management. As predicted, with improvement in web retailing and economic resurgence, Zara’s virtual retailing will boom; and hence Zara will adjust current economic growth pattern to flourishing online marketplace. Furthermore, thanks to stimulate from success of several giants in virtual market, fast fashion industry will recombine resource allocation at a certain extent. The group already sells a home range online, but its revamped website will offer fashion lines which have only been available in its stores until now. The push into cyberspace is seen as a defensive move that comes amid fears of a decline in High Street spending. HM will follow in the next fortnight; Gap began online sales for the first time outside the US last month. Consumer confidence is waning and many fear a further economic slowdown. Online fashion sales, meanwhile, are proving resilient. At rival Next, for instance, first-half sales in stores fell 1. 5%, while its home shopping business saw sales rise 7. 8%. Further strength in internet trading has been reported by Asos, the online market leader, which said sales rose 54% during the January-to-March quarter when compared with the same period a year earlier. Online growth Online retail sales have boomed as more people get high-speed internet connections and time-pressed shoppers take advantage of shopping from home or work, according to industry observers. Shopping on the net is expected to see sales grow to ? 94bn ($144 bn) in Western Europe by 2014, from ? 56bn in 2009, according to consultants Forrester. But online sales still only make up a small proportion of total sales. In the UK, only 8% of total sales in July were made online, according to the Office for National Statistics. Shops that dont have an online presence have noticed rival stores enjoying a dramatic increase in online sales, while their sales in shops have been pretty flat, according to Jeremy Baker, professor of marketing at the ESCP business school. Complement to existing stores Zaras online shop will soon be followed by HMs online shop, which will go live on 16 September. Gap and Banana Republic are already there, having opened their online operations outside the US for the first time, on 26 August. Online stores add to rather than cannibalize physical stores, hence they tend to bring in additional sales, according to industry observers. There is clearly demand for Zara product online, said Simon Chinn, retail consultant at Verdict Research. It will comfortably complement its extensive store estate, adding an extra level of service for its customers. Rapid growth Online retail sales are set to double in next three years Zara is liked by more than 4. 5 million people who have signed up as fans on Facebook. The key now is to convert those fans into customers. Inditex, Zaras parent company, has overtaken Gap as the worlds biggest clothing retailer by sales. Inditex chief executive, Pablo Isla, said: Customers should expect the launching of online selling for the groups other brands in coming years. The success of retailers such as the dedicated online fashion site Asos hints at how rapid the migration of sales from traditional stores to the internet is, especially among the 18-34 age group. Zara made a small profit in the year to the end of January 2010, after recording a sharp loss during the previous year. It is hoping to see a 10% rise in revenue linked to its online store.